any musical output, from singing and instrument-playing to clapping and dancing) that can be recognized as music, ethnomusicologists often highlight the colossal variation in their social contexts and meanings.
While it seems undeniable that all cultures have some individual musical manifestations (i.e. This essential difference, which perhaps exists because ethnomusicologists usually look at cultural differences and focus on the specificity of individual musical manifestations, while researchers from other disciplines see music as a universal, human phenomenon, has often prevented communication between these complementary views. By contrast, scientists from disciplines such as biology, psychology and anthropology have long-standing interest in this idea, often focusing on the purpose of music and its potential evolutionary origin. but see ), and therefore the study of its origins has not been often addressed within this discipline. Musicologists have commonly rejected the idea of music as a universal phenomenon (e.g.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)’. By integrating several theories, our model presents a radically different view of musicality, not limited to specifically musical scenarios, but one in which this capacity originally evolved to aid parent–infant communication and bonding, and even today plays a role not only in music but also in IDS, as well as in some adult-directed speech contexts. The model can be further tested in other species by comparing levels of sociality and complexity of vocal communication. These social bonds were not limited to those between offspring and mothers or other carers, although these may have been especially influential in view of altriciality of human infants. We suggest that a complex social environment, with strong social bonds, promoted the appearance of musicality-related abilities. Based on this, we propose a model for the evolution of musicality-the capacity to process musical information-in relation to human vocal communication. Studies show that specific vocal modulations, akin to those of infant-directed speech (IDS) and perhaps music, play a role in communicating intentions and mental states during human social interaction.
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